The human brain requires a constant and uninterrupted supply of blood to function. This blood flow comes through a network of arteries. But when these arteries become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis (plaque buildup), the risk of stroke increases dramatically. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, and in many cases, intracranial artery stenosis (narrowing of brain arteries) is the culprit.
For years, doctors relied on medications and lifestyle changes to manage intracranial stenosis, but these are not always effective in preventing strokes. Open brain surgery, on the other hand, carries significant risks. That’s where Intracranial Stenting comes in—a revolutionary, minimally invasive procedure performed by an interventional radiology specialist.
In intracranial stenting, a tiny metal stent is placed inside a narrowed brain artery to keep it open, restore blood flow, and reduce the risk of stroke. It is one of the most advanced neuro-interventional procedures available today.
This detailed blog will cover what intracranial stenting is, when it’s needed, how it’s performed, its benefits, risks, recovery process, and the expertise of specialists like Dr. Alok Kumar Udiya.
What Is Intracranial Stenting?
Intracranial Stenting is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure designed to treat narrowing (stenosis) of brain arteries.
- A catheter is inserted into an artery (usually in the groin or wrist).
- The catheter is guided into the narrowed brain artery.
- A balloon is inflated to widen the artery (angioplasty).
- A tiny self-expanding metal stent is deployed to hold the artery open.
The stent works like a scaffolding, preventing the artery from narrowing again and ensuring smooth blood flow to the brain.
Why Is Intracranial Stenting Performed?
Doctors recommend intracranial stenting in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD)—a major cause of ischemic stroke.
Common Indications
- Severe Intracranial Artery Stenosis (70% or greater narrowing).
- Recurrent Stroke or TIA (mini-stroke) despite medications.
- High Stroke Risk Patients with symptomatic narrowing.
- Failed Medical Therapy – Patients not responding to antiplatelet or statin medications.
Intracranial stenting is often considered when there is a high risk of stroke recurrence.
Symptoms of Intracranial Artery Narrowing
- Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body.
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
- Vision problems (sudden blindness in one eye).
- Dizziness or loss of balance.
- Severe headaches.
These are classic stroke or TIA symptoms, and patients experiencing them should seek emergency medical care.
How Is Intracranial Stenting Performed?
The procedure is carried out in a neuro-interventional suite by a highly trained interventional radiology specialist.
Step-by-Step Process
- Preparation
- Patient undergoes angiography to confirm narrowing.
- Local anesthesia with sedation (sometimes general anesthesia) is given.
- Catheter Insertion
- A catheter is inserted through the femoral or radial artery.
- It is carefully navigated to the affected brain artery under X-ray guidance.
- Balloon Angioplasty
- A small balloon is inflated at the narrowing site to widen the artery.
- Stent Deployment
- A stent is placed in the artery to keep it open permanently.
- It prevents re-narrowing (restenosis).
- Completion
- Catheter is removed.
- Entry site is sealed with a bandage or closure device.
The procedure usually takes 1–2 hours, and patients are monitored in the hospital for 1–2 days.
Benefits of Intracranial Stenting
- ✅ Stroke Prevention – Reduces risk of recurrent strokes.
- ✅ Minimally Invasive – No open surgery required.
- ✅ Quick Recovery – Most patients resume normal activity in a week.
- ✅ Durable Results – Stents remain effective for years.
- ✅ Suitable for High-Risk Patients – Especially those who failed medical therapy.
Risks and Complications
Though safe, intracranial stenting carries some risks:
- Stroke during the procedure (due to clot dislodgement).
- Restenosis (artery narrowing again).
- Bleeding or bruising at catheter site.
- Allergic reaction to contrast dye.
- Rarely, vessel rupture.
With advanced embolic protection devices and experienced specialists, these risks are minimal.
Recovery After Intracranial Stenting
- Hospital Stay – Usually 1–2 days.
- Medications – Antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel) is essential to prevent clots.
- Activity – Light activities after a few days; avoid strenuous exercise for 2 weeks.
- Follow-Up – Regular imaging (MRA/DSA) to monitor stent patency.
- Lifestyle Changes – Quit smoking, control blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.
Intracranial Stenting vs. Medical Therapy
| Aspect | Intracranial Stenting | Medical Therapy |
|---|---|---|
| Stroke Prevention | More effective in high-risk cases | Effective in mild/moderate cases |
| Recovery Time | 1–2 weeks | Ongoing, lifelong |
| Invasiveness | Minimally invasive | Non-invasive |
| Best For | Severe symptomatic narrowing | Patients responding to drugs |
Both approaches are often combined—medications continue after stenting for maximum protection.
Role of Interventional Radiology Specialist
The expertise of an interventional radiology specialist is vital for intracranial stenting:
- Navigating delicate brain vessels safely.
- Choosing the right stent size and type.
- Preventing complications like stroke or vessel rupture.
- Providing long-term follow-up care.
Dr. Alok Kumar Udiya – Expert in Intracranial Stenting
In India, Dr. Alok Kumar Udiya at CARE CHL Hospital, Indore, is one of the leading experts in neuro-interventional radiology. He specializes in advanced procedures like intracranial stenting, aneurysm coiling, carotid stenting, and mechanical thrombectomy. With extensive experience and a patient-centered approach, Dr. Udiya has helped countless patients prevent strokes and regain quality of life.
Future of Intracranial Stenting
With technology evolving, intracranial stenting is becoming safer and more effective:
- Drug-Eluting Stents – Reduce risk of restenosis.
- AI-Assisted Imaging – Enhances accuracy of stent placement.
- Robotic Neuro-Intervention – Allows ultra-precise navigation in brain arteries.
- Personalized Therapy – Tailored stent designs for individual patients.
FAQs on Intracranial Stenting
Q1. Is intracranial stenting safe?
Yes, when performed by trained specialists. Risks are lower than leaving severe narrowing untreated.
Q2. How long does an intracranial stent last?
Most stents last for many years. Regular follow-ups are needed.
Q3. Will I need medications after stenting?
Yes, antiplatelet drugs are essential to prevent clot formation.
Q4. What is the success rate of intracranial stenting?
Success rates are above 90–95% in preventing recurrent strokes.
Q5. Can all patients undergo intracranial stenting?
No, only patients with significant narrowing who are at high risk of stroke are recommended for stenting.
Conclusion
Intracranial Stenting is a life-saving, minimally invasive procedure that helps prevent strokes in patients with severe brain artery narrowing. With faster recovery, fewer complications, and long-term protection, it has become a vital treatment option in modern neuro-intervention.
When performed by skilled specialists like Dr. Alok Kumar Udiya, patients can be assured of world-class care and advanced technology. If you or your loved one is diagnosed with intracranial artery stenosis, consult an interventional radiology specialist to explore the benefits of intracranial stenting